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Verse (ayah) 256 of Al-Baqara is one of the relatively well-known verses in the Islamic scripture, the Qur'an.〔Mustansir Mir (2008), ''Understanding the Islamic Scripture'', p.54. Routledge. ISBN 978-0321355737.〕 The verse includes the phrase that "there is no compulsion in religion."〔.〕 Immediately after making this statement, the Qur'an offers a rationale for it: Since the revelation has, through explanation, clarification, and repetition, clearly distinguished the path of guidance from the path of misguidance, it is now up to people to choose the one or the other path.〔 This verse comes right after the Throne Verse.〔Jacques Berque (1995), ''Le Coran : Essai de traduction'', p.63, note v.256, éditions Albin Michel, Paris.〕 The overwhelming majority of Muslim scholars consider that verse to be a Medinan one,〔John Esposito (2011), ''What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam'', p.91. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-979413-3.〕〔Sir Thomas Walker Arnold (1913), ''Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith'', p.6. Constable.〕〔Mapel, D.R. and Nardin, T., eds. (1999), ''International Society: Diverse Ethical Perspectives'', p.233. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691049724.〕 when Muslims lived in their period of political ascendance,〔Taha Jabir Alalwani (2003), ''La 'ikraha fi al-din: 'ichkaliyat al-riddah wa al-murtaddin min sadr al-Islam hatta al-yawm'', pp.92-93. ISBN 9770909963. 〕〔"this verse is acknowledged to belong to the period of Quranic revelation corresponding to the political and military ascendance of the young Muslim community. ‘There is no compulsion in religion’ was not a command to Muslims to remain steadfast in the face of the desire of their oppressors to force them to renounce their faith, but was a reminder to Muslims themselves, once they had attained power, that they could not force another's heart to believe. There is no compulsion in religion addresses those in a position of strength, not weakness. The earliest commentaries on the Qur'an (such as that of Al-Tabari) make it clear that some Muslims of Medina wanted to force their children to convert from Judaism or Christianity to Islam, and this verse was precisely an answer to them not to try to force their children to convert to Islam." (Open Letter to his holiness Pope Benedict XVI (PDF) )〕 and to be non abrogated,〔Richard Curtis (2010), ''Reasonable Perspectives on Religion'', p.204. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0739141892. Quote: "While the pope, following many anti-Islam propagandists, seemingly argues that the oft-cited Qur'anic dictum "no compulsion in religion" was abrogated by subsequent revelations, ''this is not the mainstream Muslim interpretation''. Indeed, the pope made a major scholarly blunder when he claimed that the "no compulsion in religion" verse was revealed during the Meccan period, "when Mohammed was still powerless and under threat." In fact, it was revealed during the later Medinan period--the same period as the verses that authorize armed struggle against the Meccan enemies of the nascent Muslim community in Medina, that is, "when Muhammad was in a position of strength, not weakness."" (emphasis added)〕 including Ibn Taymiyya,〔Ibn Taymiyya, ''Qa'ida mukhtasara fi qital al-kuffar'', p.123. Quote: "Most of the salaf considered the verse to be neither specific nor abrogated but the text is general, ..."〕 Ibn Qayyim,〔Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, ''Ahkam Ahl al-Dhimma'', pp.21-22. 〕 Al-Tabari,〔Al-Tabari, ''Jāmi` al-bayān `an ta'wīl āy al-Qur'ān'' 4, Dar Hajar, 2001, p.553.〕 Abi 'Ubayd,〔Abi 'Ubayd, ''Kitab al-Nasikh wa al-Mansukh'', p.282.〕 Al-Jaṣṣās,〔Al-Jaṣṣās, ''Aḥkām al-Qur'ān'' 2, p.168.〕 Makki bin Abi Talib,〔Makki bin Abi Talib, ''al-Idah li Nasikh al-Qur'an wa Mansukhih'', p. 194.〕 Al-Nahhas,〔Abu Ja'far al-Nahhas, ''al-Nasikh wa al-Mansukh fi al-Quran al-Karim'', p.259.〕 Ibn Jizziy, Al-Suyuti,〔Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, ''Al-Itqān fi ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an'' 2. p.22-24.〕 Ibn Ashur,〔Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur, ''(Al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir )''(, (2:256) ).〕 and many others.〔Muhammad S. Al-Awa (1993), ''Punishment in Islamic Law'', p.51. US American Trust Publications. ISBN 978-0892591428.〕 According to all the theories of language elaborated by Muslim legal scholars, the Qur'anic proclamation that 'There is no compulsion in religion. The right path has been distinguished from error' is as absolute and universal a statement as one finds, and so under no condition should an individual be forced to accept a religion or belief against his or her will according to the Quran.〔Leonard J. Swidler (1986), ''Religious Liberty and Human Rights in Nations and in Religions'', p.178. Ecumenical Press. 〕〔Farhad Malekian (2011), ''Principles of Islamic International Criminal Law'', p.69. Brill. ISBN 978-9004203969. 〕 The meaning of the principle that there is no compulsion in religion was not limited to freedom of individuals to choose their own religion. Islam also provided non-Muslims with considerable economic, cultural, and administrative rights.〔David Ray Griffin (2005), ''Deep Religious Pluralism'', p.159. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0664229146.〕 ==Text== The verse has been translated as follows, 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Baqara 256」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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